If the controller is still under warranty, you can reach out to either Sony or the store where the controller was purchased for a replacement.If this does turn out to be the issue, there are four possible solutions you can consider: What can I do if I confirm my controllers rechargeable battery has completely died? In other words, the controller will do this step for you on its own. Do not let your controller continue charging once it has reached its maximum battery capacity This last rule generally applies to rechargeable batteries, so I'm leaving it here for reference however, numerous sources 1 2 3 have confirmed that the controller is designed to stop charging at maximum capacity.Let the controller completely recharge before unplugging and/or playing with it.Let the controller completely discharge before plugging it back in to recharge.There are a few things you can do to prolong the lifetime of the battery:

We are not at the technological stage where rechargeable batteries last forever. What can I do to prevent this from happening? Eventually, the battery will only give you a few seconds of life, before completely cutting out. At first, the battery may only last half the time it did when the controller was brand new. Rechargeable batteries don't last forever, and multiple causes can lead to a lower battery life. It sounds like your already naturally doing this however, you could also be at the end of the battery lifetime. The immediate solution is to plug it in and let it charge. This seems like an obvious answer, but working in technical support, I can tell you that even we miss the little things from time to time. To test this out, try the controller on a PlayStation 4 console, and see if it still shuts down after 5 seconds.

Xinput test controller 1 not connected